Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition that affects millions of women, particularly those who have experienced childbirth, menopause, or pelvic surgery. As a physician assistant specializing in urogynecology, a specialty focused on treating pelvic floor disorders in women, I often encounter patients who delay seeking care for prolapse due to embarrassment, uncertainty, or the misconception that it will resolve on its own.
But what happens if pelvic organ prolapse is left untreated? Unfortunately, the condition can lead to a multitude of complications that significantly impact your pelvic health and quality of life.
Understanding pelvic organ prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse happens when the muscles and connective tissues of the pelvic floor weaken. This weakening allows one or more pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, rectum, or small intestine, to descend into or even outside of the vaginal canal. You may notice a visible vaginal bulge, feel pelvicpressure, or experience discomfort during daily activities as a result.
It is very common, with about 50 percent of women having some degree of prolapse. Over 12 percent of American women will have surgery for it in their lifetime
What happens if pelvic organ prolapse is left untreated?
While some cases of POP may remain mild and asymptomatic for years, the condition is progressive and can worsen over time. Here are several key risks associated with untreated prolapse. The good news is that these complications are largely preventable with early intervention.
Worsening symptoms
Initially mild symptoms like pelvic pressure or urinary urgency can evolve into more severe issues, including:
- Difficulty urinating or defecating
- Incomplete bladder or bowel emptying
- Increased pelvic pain or discomfort
- Sexual dysfunction, including pain during intercourse
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Prolapse can block normal urine flow, leading to urinary retention and recurrent UTIs. These infections can become chronic and may require frequent antibiotic treatment.
Ulceration and tissue damage
In advanced cases, prolapsed tissue may protrude outside the vaginal opening, becoming irritated or ulcerated. This can lead to bleeding, infection, and even necrosis if not addressed promptly.
Impact on surrounding organs
Prolapse doesn’t just affect one area, it can exert pressure on surrounding organs, potentially causing damage or dysfunction.
For example, rectocele (rectal prolapse into the vagina) may lead to severe constipation and require manual assistance to pass stool—a practice known as “splinting.”
Reduced quality of life
Women with untreated prolapse often report limitations in physical activity, social engagement, and intimacy. The psychological burden, including embarrassment, anxiety, and depression, can be profound.
Treatment Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
The good news is that POP is treatable. Early intervention can help prevent worsening symptoms and improve your quality of life. Management depends on the severity of symptoms and patient preferences. Options include:
- Pelvic floor physical therapy to strengthen supportive muscles
- Pessaries, which are devices inserted into the vagina to support prolapsed organs
- Surgical repair, which may involve reconstructive procedures or hysterectomy, depending on the type and extent of prolapse
If you’d like to learn more about it from a patient’s perspective, check out how retired nurse, Carolyn Johnson, of Dawsonville overcame her pelvic health challenges.
Final thoughts
Pelvic organ prolapse is not a condition to ignore. If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms, consult a urogynecologist or gynecological surgeon. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and restore comfort, confidence, and control over your body.