Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer globally, affecting millions each year. Understanding its causes is crucial for prevention and early detection. Read along as we explore the primary factors that contribute to skin cancer development.
The role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation
UV radiation is the leading cause of skin cancer. It damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that can result in cancer. There are two main types of UV rays:
- UVA rays: Penetrate deep into the skin, contributing to aging and long-term damage.
- UVB rays: Cause sunburn and directly damage the DNA in skin cells.
Both types increase the risk of skin cancer. Sunlight is the primary source of UV radiation, but artificial sources like tanning beds also pose significant risks.
Genetic factors
While environmental factors play a significant role, genetics can also influence skin cancer risk:
- Family history: Individuals with a family history of skin cancer are at a higher risk.
- Skin type: People with fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes have less melanin, offering less protection against UV radiation.
- Moles: Having numerous or atypical moles can increase the likelihood of developing melanoma.
Environmental and lifestyle factors
Several external factors can elevate skin cancer risk:
- Geographical location: Living closer to the equator exposes individuals to more intense UV radiation.
- Altitude: Higher altitudes have stronger UV rays, increasing exposure.
- Chemical exposure: Contact with substances like coal and arsenic compounds has been linked to skin cancer.
- Weakened immune system: Individuals with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to skin cancer.
Preventive measures
To reduce the risk of skin cancer:
- Limit sun exposure: Seek shade, especially during peak UV radiation hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
- Use sunscreen: Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, even on cloudy days.
- Wear protective clothing: Use hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved clothing to shield skin from UV rays.
- Avoid tanning beds: These devices emit harmful UV radiation like the sun.
- Regular skin checks: Monitor your skin for any new or changing moles or spots and consult a healthcare professional if you notice anything suspicious. There is a simple acronym for how to spot abnormalities that could be skin cancer: ABCDE.
- A – Asymmetry: If one half of a skin spot is unlike the other half, have a medical provider take a look.
- B – Border: If one half of a skin spot is unlike the other half, have a medical provider take a look.
- C – Color: Noncancerous skin spots are typically only one color, while a spot that’s cancerous may have varying color from one area to another. This could include shades of brown, black, white, red, or even blue.
- D – Diameter: A skin spot that’s larger than the size of a pencil eraser should be considered suspicious.
- E – Evolving: If you notice that any spot on your skin changes over time, have a dermatologist take a look at it.
Understanding the causes of skin cancer empowers individuals to take proactive steps in prevention. By minimizing UV exposure, being aware of genetic predispositions, and adopting protective measures, you can significantly reduce your risk.
Learn more
If you or a loved one have been diagnosed with skin cancer, the Cancer Services team at Northeast Georgia Medical Center is here to help. Call 770-525-5349 or visit our Cancer Services page to learn more.